Why The Maya Disappeared When They Did - 2124 Words

Known for its complex writing system, the Maya had existed from the Neolithic Era to the Classical Period. Composed of city states that ran through Central and South America, even after its collapse parts of it culture continues on today. Descendants of the Maya speak some of the original languages, and continue to live in Mexico and Belize; yet none of them live in the ruins of its previous society. Its original civilization was abandoned around early 900 CE, and what caused them to abandon their empire has been a mystery for a long time. As more clues are found possible causes start to be seen. As of today, there are many theories from scientists and historians on what could have caused the fall of the Maya at 900 CE, and that some of†¦show more content†¦This comes from what is thought to be a climate change that started around 660 CE, where rain began to happen less and less frequently, and the region started to get drier and drier. People still aren’t sure whet her or not the climate change was natural or mainly caused by the people, though it’s mostly like a mixture of both, since it was so rapid. The fact that droughts got worse fits in as a factor to the abandonment of its cities due to the fact that it made more problems for the people, like getting food. The fact that droughts were happening more often meant it was harder for the Maya to farm. It’s not known for sure what Mayans did for crops, since there are no noticeable artifacts left to show it, but corn made up 70% of their diet and the low amount of animal bones found in archaeological sites show that that there wasn’t a lot of animals being eaten, either due to lack or because they were only meant for certain people, like the priests and kings. What does this mean for the people? If they weren’t eating a lot of meat, then they were relying on crops, and if there were droughts going on each year more and more, it’d be harder to get enough crops for everyone in the civilization. From 800 to 1000 CE, there just wasn’t enough water to keep a steadily farm, which

Three Disciplines - 1097 Words

The Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting career opportunities and more systemized in comparison to anthropology and sociology. My character is very self-assured and I am not convinced easily, so with all my stubbornness, I cannot be†¦show more content†¦Sociology courses once again pertain to groups of people rather than the individuals in them, with courses like Women and Work, and Race Class Gender, which are pretty self explanatory (University of Toronto, 2012). As a pe rson of specificity and depth, I wish to study individuals rather than crowds. As I already mentioned, I am a person of depth, and psychology is deep because it is broken up into so many sub-fields or â€Å"Schools of Thought† as our course book labels them. Anthropology only has four sub-fields, and sociology is broken up into several issues to study rather than sub-fields. Psychology consists of biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative, developmental, education and school, evolutionary, industrial, personality, social, and positive (Wikipedia, 2012). In our course so far we have not even covered half of those sub-fields. Anthropology consists of cultural anthropology, archeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology (Wikipedia, 2012). Our course has covered three out of those four sub-fields already. Traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, andShow MoreRela tedThree Characteristics Of Positive Discipline1339 Words   |  6 PagesPositive discipline is considered an alternative to punishment by attempting to reason with an employee instead of compelling their behavior by force (Sherman Lucia, 1992). In a system using positive discipline, management must articulate the standards with which employees are to conduct themselves, and it is up to the employees to live up to these standards (Sherman Lucia, 1992). Three characteristics of positive discipline is a significant emphasis on recognition and coaching, use of verbalRead MoreThree Categories of Discipline Essays1023 Words   |  5 PagesDiscipline is an essential component of every child’s developmental process. From birth, the primary deficiency of children is their lack of knowledge and understanding of the world. Contrary to the negative connotation of the word’s modern usage, â€Å"discipline† actually has origin in Latin meaning â€Å"to teach.† Therefore, discipline is simply the teaching of information that is necessary for children to be successful in their respective environments. In child development, discipline refers to theRead MoreThree Kinds Of Discipline By John Holt937 Words   |  4 PagesBeating Discipline According to the University of New Hampshire’s Murray Straus, approximately 90% of American parents agree with the practice and side effects of spanking. For years, child development experts have researched for the most effective ways for parents to discipline their children without some form of physical or psychological damage. Though currently there is no fine line parents can follow, John Holt’s informative piece â€Å"Three Kinds of Discipline† lays out how children learn and developRead MoreSummary And Interaction Of Celebration Of Discipline By Richard J. Foster1150 Words   |  5 PagesDaniel Farias Professor Wilson, Joy Thompson Spirit Empowered Living 9 September 16, 2015 Summary and Interaction of Celebration of Discipline by Richard J. Foster In the beginning of Celebration of Discipline, Richard J. Foster undergoes a thorough explanation of our ages’ most desperate need; deep people. He proclaims how our superficiality and lack of common sense regarding spiritual life has crippled us and left us living in the surface rather than depts. He mentions how weRead MoreThe Success Is The Accomplishment Of Ones Goals1499 Words   |  6 PagesChapters One through Nine in Jeff Olson’s The Slight Edge: Turning Simple Disciplines into Massive Success Happiness, I have come to the realization of why people who are capable of success, never see it. He explains that there are small things we can do daily that will lead us to a life of success. In Chapter One â€Å"The Beach Bum and The Millionaire† Olson calls these things, â€Å"simple daily disciplines† (10). For these past three weeks I have been religiously practicing Olson’s guidelines and my progressRead MoreAccountability Of The Army Is A Int egral Part Of Discipline905 Words   |  4 PagesAccountability in the army is another integral part of Discipline, Accountability as defined should be understood as responsibility plain and simple. When the army asks a soldier, what is your accountability? It is merely asking, who or what are you responsible for? It is the responsibility of the service member to have within himself the desire to care for anything or anyone that is around him or under his supervision. The great challenge that the army presents to all soldiers is for them to understandRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Education On Mainstream Education Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pageswere in favor of music education. Findings were that yes, music education does in fact have enough crossover benefit to include it into mainstream education. Music education may be time consuming and sometimes expensive, yet the benefits of self-discipline, deeper conceptual thinking, more developed brain function, and endless creativity of students makes it very worthwhile. Henry David Thoreau once stated, â€Å"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hearsRead MoreJames C. Jim. Collins1043 Words   |  5 Pagesin identifying this group of elite companies : Abbott, Fannie Mae, Kimberly- Clark, Nucor, Pitney Bowes, Wells Fargo, Circuit City, Gillette, Kroger, Phillip Morris and Walgreens â€Å"(Collins, 2001, p. 7). He found out they became great because of three main factors: disciplined people, disciplined thought, and disciplined action (Collins, 2001, p. 12). In their research, the leaders of these companies have a common characteristic which Collins called â€Å"Level 5 Leadership†. This type of leadershipRead MoreFoucault s Society Of Discipline958 Words   |  4 PagesWith reference to at least three of the four thinkers whose work we discussed in class, and in response to one of the following quotations, write an account of the Societies of Control: â€Å"Everywhere the hypothesis of the self is beginning to crack† Defined as â€Å"the entire person of an individual† (Merriam-Webster, 2017), it is interesting to consider the different ways ‘the self’ has been interpreted through different societies. In Foucault’s Societies of Discipline (S.O.D), a previous economy of powerRead MoreMotivation Of Professionalism And Success1188 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of ethics and what do they propose towards professionalism. My ethics allowed me to be a great example of student success because every day is one step closer to my educational goals. In order to reach my educational goals, I must follow three simple expectations; arrive on time to class and work to be prepared for assignments and tasks provided by the professor or supervisor. When I follow my ethics, it allows me to behave professionally and accomplish my responsibilities as they come and

Organizational Operation Environment and Society

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Operation Environment and Society. Answer: Introduction It has been found that every organizational operation has effect on the environment and the society and this can be of two types, i.e. direct and indirect effect. This report has been prepared based on the provided case study of British Petroleum Limited. On the basis of the case, BP Global has found to be accountable for causing direct harm to the ecosystem. There are three issues related to BP Global, these are influence of oil spill on aquatic ecosystem, lack of services regarding ecosystem along with biodiversity in controlling risk of the corporation. Lastly, lack of regulation structure of the corporation creates barrier in determination procedure of renovation cost (Deegan 2013). Thus, intention of this project is to review the damage done by BP Global to the ecosystem. Aim of the Report It has been noted that BP Global causes damage to the society, environment and the aquatic ecosystem directly and it is unable to detect its renovation cost. Thus, BP Global measures all the damages done by it in terms of worth of money. Oil spill is a non-marketed product, so key attention is provided for calculating its worth. Thus, the particular government of the nation considers the firm as liable to provide cleanup cost for causing oil spill (Avel 2014). However, it has been noted that BP Global did not picture the harms it caused to the ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this report is to make the firm alert about its doing like oil spill that causes damage to the environment. Issues Determined and its Significance Influence of British Petroleums oil spill on aquatic ecosystem Lack of services regarding ecosystem along with biodiversity in controlling risk of the corporation Lack of regulation structure of the corporation creates barrier in determination procedure of renovation cost The detected problems can be studied and analyzed through collection of primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary data and perform qualitative analysis, researcher can arrange for either telephonic or face-to-face interview (Mitchell et al. 2015). On the other hand, for performing quantitative analysis, researcher can arrange for either online or offline questionnaire survey for better analysis. Secondary data will be gathered from company websites, journals, related books and articles. Restrictions and Suppositions For better analysis, the researcher has to gather data from the place where the oil spills take place, so the researcher will collect information from the residents of Gulf. Additionally, data will also be gathered from the employees of BP Global for collecting data that are more accuracy through questionnaire survey. However, due to the nature of the research topic, some of the participants might not agree to fill up the survey paper, thus, researcher might get face issue in the method of collecting data (Kheroubi et al. 2016). Moreover, some of the staffs might also hesitate to give the information. Influence of British Petroleums oil spill on aquatic ecosystem Dyckman and Zeff (2014) stated that oil spill is a pollution that is caused due to human activities and this might be of two types. These are named accidental and intentional based on its reason for causing. Accidental oil spill occurs due to various reasons and thus occur accidentally, but intentional oil spill takes place due to carelessness, negligence and ignorance of the people. According to Hiebl (2014), these both kinds of spills affect the aquatic ecosystem adversely and directly. It has been found that BP Global is liable for causing oil spills, thus it should recognize the cleanup cost, but it has been found that the firm does not wish to disclose the damages done by it. Opined to Roberts (2014), the damages that are occurred to the environment are difficult to calculate, as the cause of damage is oil spill. It has been found that BP Global measures the damages caused by it through the worth of money and time. Finally, it can be said that all these occur as no truthful appr aise have been detected yet for accessing the harm. Lack of services regarding ecosystem for controlling risk of the corporation In the ethical standard and moral of BP Global, the trust of the investors towards the company can be noticed. Therefore, it should take the responsibility regarding conservation of the social wealth as well as ecological wealth. Furthermore, BP Global should implement accounting standards regarding environment to make itself more reliable towards the stakeholders. As per Bedford (2014), the accounting standards of environment should be customized because it assists to impend the relation between corporate agent and the ecosystem as well as the environment. Every organizational operation has negative upshot on the ecosystem, therefore, each corporation should implement the accounting standards of environment for maintaining a healthy and balanced ecosystem. Lack of regulation structure for determination of renovation cost Gray, Adams and Owen (2014) stated that most of the petroleum companies crack the level of penalty as it damages the social as well as ecological wealth by the help of political bargaining. However, this process is not considered as a perfect method as it does not recover the damages done by the firm to the environment. A process-oriented framework helps to evaluate the associated risks, as it makes mandatory for the firm to take measures for the betterment of the environment. This helps to make plans and also to improve the barriers accurately. According to Henderson et al. (2015), the particular method helps in moving from regulators to the method. It has been found that the accidental oil spills mainly occur for breakdown in the dictatorial agency as it serves featured account in the environment. Additionally, the divulge data of an organization is an important factor that helps in judging the level of effort for the method of restoration of ecological assets. Thus, short of regul ation structure negatively impacts the corporation for determination of renovation cost and thus, it can be said that a process-oriented framework is required for implementation in the firm. In this research study, the researcher will incorporate both the types of methodologies i.e. primary and secondary processes. Therefore, the researcher will distribute the questionnaires online or offline for survey among the employees of BP global and occupants of Gulf. Moreover, secondary information will be gathered from the related books, journals, articles and the company websites. In order to keep this particular study simple and short, the research will gather primary data randomly from a fixed sample size of 150 occupants of Gulf Coast and 50 employees (BP Global). In this research, simple technique of sampling and random process of selecting fixed sample will be applied for keep the study simple. Thus, probability sampling technique will be incorporated here. Influence of British Petroleums oil spill on aquatic ecosystem As per the information provided by the BP Global employees, there are various kinds of oil spills. The various types of spills and the percentage of their occurrence have been provided below: Based on the pie chart, it can be said that all these spills adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem and this has also increased the mortality rate of the marine animals. Lack of services regarding ecosystem for controlling risk of the corporation There are various types of spills but it has been found that the accidental oil spills are more common in the oceans and all these occur due to short of using ecosystem services. It has been found that the ecosystem services help in controlling risk. Therefore, the firm should incorporate this service within its operations. According to the information provided by the occupants of Gulf, the oil spills mainly affect the deepwater suspension. However, there are also other affects to environment. These include: Lack of regulation structure for determination of renovation cost Based on the data collected from the employees of BP Global, the demand of oil increased constantly and thus its supply increased with time. In addition to this, with the increase in the supply and demand of oil, the numbers of contracts, staffs and workforce also increased (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). However, as with the increase in the oil demand, oil spills increased, the workforce of BP Global also reduced. The projected budget of Deepwater Horizon Oil can be better understood through the data collected from the staffs. On the basis of gathered primary and secondary data (accurate), this research will be performed. In addition to this, the participants can keep trust on the researcher, as he will not disclose any information to others. Thus, the respondents can keep trust on the researcher. Conclusion BP Global should become alert about its adverse effect on the environment and thus accurate measures it should take for running the business eco-friendly. The numbers of accidental oil spills that occur due to negligence and carelessness should be reduced. Finally, it can be said that the fines that are paid by BP Global is not sufficient for recovering the loss of environment. BP Global should adopt and incorporate accounting standards of environment. Moreover, the firm should be more thoughtful and should take remedial measures for protecting the biodiversity. References Avel, D., 2014. Positive accounting theory: theoretical and critical perspectives.International Journal of Critical Accounting,6(4), pp.396-415. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bedford, N.M., 2014. Reviewers Corner: The Foundations of Accounting Measurement.The Development of Accounting Theory, p.272. Bp.com. 2017.Bp.com. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.Accounting Horizons,28(3), pp.695-712. Gray, R., Adams, C. and Owen, D., 2014.Accountability, social responsibility and sustainability: Accounting for society and the environment. Pearson Higher Ed. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hiebl, M.R., 2014. Upper echelons theory in management accounting and control research.Journal of Management Control,24(3), pp.223-240. Kheroubi, B., Benzair, A., Tounsi, A. and Semmah, A., 2016. A new refined nonlocal beam theory accounting for effect of thickness stretching in nanoscale beams.ADVANCES IN NANO RESEARCH,4(4), pp.251-264. Mitchell, R.K., Van Buren, H.J., Greenwood, M. and Freeman, R.E., 2015. Stakeholder inclusion and accounting for stakeholders.Journal of Management Studies,52(7), pp.851-877. Roberts, J., 2014. Testing the limits of structuration theory in accounting research.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(2), pp.135-141.

Goal Concepts In Personality And Social -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Goal Concepts In Personality And Social Psychology? Answer: Introducation Organisational behaviour is believed to be the study of the behaviours of the human beings in organisational settings (Robbins, Judge Campbell, 2014). The individuals are studied and observed to understand the manner in which they can fit in the organisational profile. In this regard, it can be said that the personality of employees plays a major role in the effective work performance. The personality of an individual helps in determining the level of attitude they possess and the manner in which this trait can help an operations to succeed. The essay highlights the concept and the types of personality that exists among human beings. The application of these traits in the organisational setting and the effective results it has on an organisation is highlighted in the essay. According to Revelle (2017), personality is a set of habits, behaviours and emotions that an individual derives either from the birth or from the society. Debates about the adoption of personality trait are a mystery as scholars argue with the proper origin of the trait. It has been established that personality of an employee exists due to the motivational factors that are provided together with the psychological interactions that individuals have with the environment (Cleckley, 2016). Some of the greatest scholars have attempted to identify the factors and explain the tendency behind the differences in the behaviour of people. In this regard, several models have been developed to understand the personality traits and access its implications in the organisational context. The personality of individuals varies from people to people depending upon the manner in which people respond to situations. As per the continuing debate, the origin of the trait cannot be justified. However, the types can be identified distinctly and people tend to categorise an individual based on the types. According to Wood et al., (2016), sixteen personality types can be easily identified that provides organisations with an opportunity to segregate the workforce of an individual. These sixteen personality types are: One of the personality types that an individual may acquire is that of the inspector. In this case, an individual depends upon traditions and old school values rather than the modern way of doing work. These people tend to remain calm, quiet and upright about their personalities. In an organisational setting, these individuals contribute by working hard and following every rules and regulation. They honour the social and cultural responsibilities provided to them for the betterment of an organisation. Apart from this, there is also the counsellor that is more visionary and indulges in providing creative ideas. According to Beck, Davis and Freeman (2015), in the modern world, people possessing this type of personality are sought after due to the freshness of ideas that they provide to the organisation. The mastermind is another personality type that likes to work alone than in a group. The contribution made by these people is the fact that they question every action and proceed with caution before indulging in any activity. The giver tends to live in an imaginary world than the real world. They predict the future and make preparations based on the foreseeing of the future. The craftsman provides an organisation with spontaneous decisions marketing. Despite knowing them well, people cannot anticipate the reactions that might be provided by them (Cervone Pervin, 2015). On the other hand, the provider personality type tends to interact with people and make them popular among others. These people can help organisations to organise social events for the benefit of the company. The idealist personality type is people that prefer to keep their personal life a secret. They do not talk much and think about the situations that occur around them. These people can gain a proper insight into the working of an organisation and can contribute to finding the deeper meaning of life. Pervin (2015) stated that the performer personality type is the people that like to gain the spotlight. They can be considered as future leaders in an organisation as these people enjoy being the centre of attraction. The champion personality type suits people that are thoughtful and perceptive. They contribute to an organisation by creating new methods, habits and ideas. This can help organisations to come with new and innovative ideas for success. The doer personality type requires social interaction along with feelings and emotions. These people contribute to an organisation by implementing practical skills rather than theoretical knowledge. However, they tend to take on the activity without properly understanding the situations and more often than not end up solving the mistakes. On the other hand, the supervisor, are organised workers that dedicate their experience for the betterment of an organisation. They are more autocratic in nature and believe that the decisions taken by them are right in every way. The commander deals with situations logically and is considered to be natural leaders. According to Coccia (2014), these people can also be considered as leaders of an organisation in the future. The thinker personality type provides excellent analysis and logic to the works of an organisation. The follow the patterns and avoid practical activities. The nurturer provides an organisation with a sense of generosity. These types of people tend to be sensitive and encourage people to bring out the best in them. The visionary personality people can discuss facts and theories in details. They do not indulge in social life and provide a logical, rational and logical approach. The composer is more opposite to the visionaries as despite being introverts they like to connect with people. They believe in living in the present and being spontaneous. In the opinion of Robbins, Millett Waters-Marsh (2014) the most common personality model that is used effectively is the Big Five personality trait. It is also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM) in which relationships are developed between some of the types of personality. The factors that are used in order to analyse the personality of the individuals have been provided with an acronym called OCEAN that is related to the first letters of the factors. For example, the openness to experience can help an individual to be independent and imaginative. They pursue the self-actualization needs above everything else. The conscientiousness nature provides a tendency to be organised in the work. They can be stubborn and at the same time unreliable depending on the level of conscientiousness (Buss Plomin, 2014). The extraversion trait highlights the level of interaction and energy that a person possesses to be successful in the business. Agreeableness indicates the extent to which people are willing to accept the mistakes and agree with others by trusting them and being supportive of them. The neuroticism analyses the emotional stability of individuals. Based on the model and personality type, an example can be considered that highlights the success endured by an organisation due to the personality trait of an individual. The example of Steve Jobs can be considered as he showed great personality trait in setting up one of the most successful organisations in the modern day. According to Clark and Vanderbleek (2016) Robbins (2017), the relationship that exists among the factors of the Big Five model can be clearly seen in the personality of Steve Jobs. The fact that he was an appreciation of art contributed to the development of MAC computers that could communicate with people. At the same time, the tendency showed by him to remain organised helped in the growth of the organisation from a small garage behind a house. The stubbornness and the obsession showed by Jobs indicate the passion he had in seeing his work gain success. Apart from this Steve Jobs also sought attention and reflected on the limitations that he had for the initial failure of the designs. This indicates that he is an extrovert person with energy to grow continuously in the competitive world. The cooperative and the compassionate nature showed by Jobs was the factor that led to the growth of Apple and the fact that the organisation is currently run by over 123,000 employees. The emotional stability shown by Jobs is another reason for his success. Despite the initial failure, Steve Jobs did not show any vulnerability and continued with the expansion of the company. Thus, it can be concluded that personality plays an important role for employees to get their desired jobs. The manner in which, organisations delegate tasks to employees are depended on the psychology types of the individuals. The application of the Big Five model helps in understanding the connectivity that exists among the personality traits. The success story of Steve Jobs can be considered as inspiring as it highlights the achievement of a successful career due to the personality trait. Hence, organisations need to manage people based on their personality. One of the ways that can be used to access the personality of individuals is by conducting a personality test. To do so organisations can take up the Big Five model test and analyse the personalities of the individuals. Reference Beck, A. T., Davis, D. D., Freeman, A. (Eds.). (2015).Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. Guilford Publications. Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. (2014).Temperament (PLE: Emotion): Early developing personality traits(Vol. 3). Psychology Press. Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2015).Personality, binder ready version: theory and research. John Wiley Sons. Clark, L. A., Vanderbleek, E. (2016). Schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality.Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1-4. Cleckley, H. M. (2016).The Mask Of Sanity: An Attempt To Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality 3rd Edition. Pickle Partners Publishing. Coccia, M. (2014). Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under unstable growth of human resources.International Journal of Services Technology and Management,20(4-6), 251-266. Pervin, L. A. (Ed.). (2015).Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Psychology Press. Revelle, W. R. (2017). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research. Robbins, S. P. (2017).Organizational Behavior, 13/E. Pearson Education Robbins, S. P., Judge, T., Campbell, T. T. (2014).Organizational behaviour. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Robbins, S., Millett, B., Waters-Marsh, T. (2014). Organisational behaviour. Wood, J. M., Zeffane, R. M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., ... Osborn, R. N. (2016).Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd..

Poem Decisions Essays - The Hangman, Hanging, Hangman,

Poem: Decisions Nicholas Blewett Decision Chalk one up for the gallow tree The hangman smiles as they plead. They stand in a trance-like fear and fright Wondering, Will I be the next to hang tonight. A sigh of relief comes over the crowd, As the hangman's gallow puts another man down. Thank God it wasn't me one man said. The hangman sharply replied, Next time your dead. This eerie trend continued for days, As the people watched in a fearful gaze. Until there was only one, one man left standing With a stumble in his step and a stare so reprimanding. It was too late though; the damage had been done. The hangman played his game, and his game had been fun. So why, why had all this been done? Was it a lesson or was it for fun? That's for you to decide, it is all up to you, The fate of the world is dependent on your view. Poetry Essays

The Han Dynasty essays

The Han Dynasty essays The Han Dynasty was a one of the most influential Chinese civilizations. This dynasty was from 202 B.C.E. 220 C.E. It began when Liu Bang took over rule from the Qin Dynasty. Another important leader of the Han was Wu Ti. The Han had some of the same laws and regulations as the Qin, but they gradually incorporated Confucian ideals into their Legalist form of government to make them less burdensome. The Hans realized that the Qins extreme Legalistic ideology had not worked and that a bureaucracy was needed for governing the empire. By the end of the Han dynasty, China had about 130,000 bureaucrats, representing 0.2 percent of the population. This brought on a revival of the intellectual life that was suppressed. Government officials were chosen through civil service exams based on Confucianism. These exams covered classics of Chinese literature as well as law. If you passed the test, you could become a government official; if you failed the test you could not be a government official. Schools were established to train the citizens for the examinations. Citizens were also now promoted by merit. This Chinese bureaucracy lasted from the Han period until the twentieth century. This Confucian wa y of ruling Buddhism came from India and became an important religion, however Confucianism became the most used philosophy/religion. Shrines were established to promote worship the ancient philosopher as a god. Under Confucianism, people have respect for others but recognize that others below them are important to life as well. The ruler should also rule by example to keep his people following the laws and doing right. As stated before, Confucian ideals were also a major part of the Hans political ideals. Art of the past served only as a religious purpose. During the Han however, it was replaced by realistic art that portrayed ordinary life. The importance of education became more important as well. ...

The writer can choose the topic to fit into the paper Essay

The writer can choose the topic to fit into the paper - Essay Example BMSs were considered amongst the initial multi-user server systems to be built, and thus they provided an excellent support for the new developments in the form of latest systems design methods for consistency and scalability which are widely used in a number of other areas. Though, up till now a large number of researches have been carried out to propose new algorithms as well as determine the efficiency of existing algorithms for databases. However, not many researchers have taken into consideration the design and architecture of databases. The research has shown that the modern database structure is based on three level architecture (Hellerstein, Stonebraker and Hamilton; Hoffer, Prescott and McFadden 3). This paper presents an analysis of three level architecture in the context of database management systems. The basic purpose of this research is to discuss the basic scenario of three level architecture and how it forms the basis of database management systems. Database management systems are believed to be mission-critical and complex software applications and tools. At the present, modern DBMSs exemplify decades of educational and industrial research as well as influential business software development. In view of the fact that database systems were amongst the initial well developed web based server applications, hence they are considered a significant part of most of the design solutions on both sides of not simply data administration, however as well systems, networked services and operating systems. Additionally, the initial database management systems are considered amongst most powerful software applications and tools in the history of computer science, that’s why the ideas and theories invented for DBMSs are extensively copied and followed in other disciplines of computer science (Hellerstein, Stonebraker and Hamilton; Hoffer, Prescott and McFadden). In addition, for a number of reasons, the concepts regarding DBMS’s architecture and design are

Communization in the changing civilizations Essay

Communization in the changing civilizations - Essay Example The dangerous clashes of the future are likely to arise from the interaction of Western arrogance, Islamic intolerance, and Sinic assertiveness.†(p 183-186) Huntington’s concern to preserve and protect the superiority of the Western societies is so great that he offers concrete suggestions â€Å"to protect the cultural, social, and ethnic integrity of Western societies by restricting the number of non-Westerners admitted as immigrants or refugees.†(Huntington, 1996, p 183-186) In another context, he says about the Mexicans that they are out to reclaim their homeland from America and considers their influx (immigration to the USA) as a threat to the unity and integrity of USA. The mind of Mario Vargas Llosa swings like the pendulum elucidating the concepts of globalization, modernization etc. The author perfectly understands the complexities created by the rapid industrialization and the stunning economic growth in some of the western countries. The views of Llosa are entirely different from those of Huntington, but he also realizes the threat of cultural invasion in America and some other western countries. Llosa opines, â€Å"The most effective attacks against globalization are usually not those related to economics. Instead, they are social, ethical, and above all, cultural.†(Llosa, 2000) Here the author veers round the views of Huntington, yet maintains the distance. Huntington creates a grim picture of the weakening of the nation state. But Llosa sees the silver lining in this weakening process.

Project Proposal ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Proposal ONLY - Assignment Example In the current decade, the company has been subjected to global financial risks, alterations in the leadership folio of the company as well as the changing demands and preferences of the customers worldwide. Maintaining balance between its quality management dimensions, its quantity dealings and environmental concerns were a major challenges to Ford’s leaders (Mourdoukoutas, 2015; Wolde, 2015). It was to survive these challenges that the company began inculcating computer information system in its automobiles, which were intended to help drivers to be in contact even when travelling, without compromising their safety needs. However, with a recent upsurge in the frequency of hacking and the number of hackers, many in the industry are forecasting privacy issues that might also affect Ford’s brand image (CNN, 2014). This validates the problem to range from the innovation sphere of the company to its sustainability management dimension, offering a wide scope of the research . As apparent from the stated facts regarding the computer information related problem faced by Ford in dealing with the current needs of the global world, the selected organization offers a wide scope of research. Expectedly, the research to be conducted with consideration to Ford shall help to understand the challenges that any other innovative companies may face to function profitably and sustain in the aggressively competitive market, especially when incorporating computing devices. This research will emphasize the effective integration of company reports published by Ford, within the recent years. News articles will also be used to obtain factual data of the subject matter. In addition, to guide the arguments with strong theoretical and tested methods, the research will also value case studies and past scholarly researches relevant to the problem

Personal Reflection On A Core Business Skills Module Education Essay

Personal Reflection On A Core Business Skills Module Education Essay The Core Business skills is a module that explores a number of quality tools that will help us to look at our core skills in the business field and identify areas where we could improve. At the beginning of this module, I used to leave my life as normal with few skills that I have learned from my parents, for example the Communication skills and Team working skills, but even it was not enough to communicate or to work with whomever. Communication skills and team working skills are the closest skills; team working can not occur if there is no communication. Since our childhood, our parents push us to get in touch with people of our ages. At beginning, it is never easy seeing the quarrels that happen with our friends in the youngest ages while playing together, but these skills get developed in growing older. I also had an experience of team working during few years when I used to play football in a club, and as we know this sport is not played individually, but in a team, and I had learned a lot during this experience. It is sure that we learn a lot from our parents and the activities in our childhood, but studying complements the path our parents put us on to build our future in order to get the objective of having a good life later on. I have also learned during my past years some important skills that our module covers, such as Numeracy skills and Information Skills. However, they were not as important as we studied during this semester. Numeracy skills are taught in increasing levels since the youngest ages, starting from the primary school until we get our degree at the university, but before, it was just numbers and relations that I learned and that dont stand for anything real. On what concerns the information skills, I have learned a few about it during the high school and I increased my level on it during the foundation year I have done last year at the university. Other skills that are closer to the communication skills which are the effective learning skills, and they are also close to the personal and career development skills as well. The effective learning skills are the ones I learned trough some experiences, but for what concerns the personal and career development skills I did know nothing about them until I discovered them during this module. What this module has changed on my life? Regarding the six transferable skills that I have learned during this module, I notice that I have made a big improvement on these skills that help me now to be more efficient on getting my objectives either on my personal or professional life. Since more than one year ago, I work and I study simultaneously, and things that I learned during this module brought me to a higher level that I was not expecting from myself. I will introduce my job in few words and describe how what I got from the Core Business Skills module changed the way I was doing it. So, I work as Electronic Dance Music producer with many professional record labels worldwide, and this started just by passion at the beginning until I have been discovered by one of the most famous deejays in South America, and then I had a proposal to sign my song on his own record label located in Buenos Aires in Argentina, here was my first professional experience and I was afraid of getting ripped off because I did not know how to deal with the contract and I did not even negotiate it. However, I kept balancing between what I study and my work and I acquired more experiences practicing what I study on my professional life. Edwin H. Friedman said about communication that The colossal misunderstanding of our time is the assumption that insight will work with people who are unmotivated to change. Communication does not depend on syntax, or eloquence, or rhetoric, or articulation but on the emotional context in which the message is being heard. People can only hear you when they are moving toward you, and they are not likely to when your words are pursuing them. Even the choices words lose their power when they are used to overpower. Attitudes are the real figures of speech. (1) So, the communication skills are very important on my daily work, now due to what I learned, I started knowing how to negotiate my contracts with the other record labels for each song I make, and this fact contributes on making more profit and also to advertise my artwork and letting people buy what I make. This course also helped me to learn how to make formal letters to communicate with the record labels and producers worldwide as well as this will serve me later on my professional life as future manager. Now as Im still a student I do use it only on my music affaire and my personal life with my family and friends. Also I would mention that as a student and future manager, I highly improved my skills on making presentations in front of the audience. On what concerns the effective learning skills on my personal and professional life, now I can know what I should improve on my life, on my studies or on my musical skills. Before, on my studies, I was kind of lost when the exams were approaching, it usually happened to me to be confused on what to prioritize and what to leave for the last, but now I got this level of knowing prioritizing the most important things after identifying them. Same thing on my life out of studies and on my professional life as well, now I can identify on what I could improve to make better songs in the future, I can manage myself to improve my personal and my student life to get best results, and eventually, now I know what I want to be, what I want to be later on, and how to get my goal. On my professional life, I also use the skills I learned about the team working knowing that my job consists on composing and producing songs, sign them on record labels then advertising them as much as possible to get profit out of them, even if advertising is the main work of the record labels. Also, it plays a vital role on my personal life. As I said at the beginning, team working is taught by our parents and our society at the first before starting classes, but whatever is the level that we get from these lasts, the school teaches us more about them. We work in teams at home, we play sport in teams and also at the school and the university we work for some projects given for our studies in teams or either preparing for our exams we mostly work in teams. TEAM stands for Together Everyone Achieves More. Working in teams is essential on the business life, either working for our own or others companies, these skills consist mainly on sharing tasks and ideas in a project work, and th is technique is more efficient than working alone. Numeracy skills stand for budgeting, numeracy functions and computations, dates and time, parenting and health related numeracy. These skills on budgeting or money management and banking serve to count money, make change, calculate services charges, save money and invest it too, and these are generally skills that our module covers adding to the numeracy functions and computations skills that we learned in the past from the primary school until the high school. Dates and time skills are used to some basic things in life as using a calendar, fill in time sheets or writing the date as well as the parenting and health related numeracy skills to read directions and dosage on medicines bottles, read thermometers or to understand a report card. All these numeracy skills are important and very useful on whomevers daily life for either managers, farmers or whatever we can be. During this module I leaned the most of the important numeracy skills for business management field, and this regardi ng the decision threes to analyze and get the best solution to do not make loss on business and take the best decision. The information skills are vital for all the successful professionals. These skills help us to become more efficient. Here are some techniques that help us to develop our information skills. The first one is how to take notes effectively, and this is a good tool to record and organize the information, the second one is to fully absorb the written information to assimilate and understand the written information quickly and effectively. Reading strategies is also a technique to read faster by thinking what to read, while the technique of keeping the information fresh in our minds helps to keep what we learned alive in our minds. There is also a technique which is learning in a way that suits us and this will not only help us on developing the ways we can learn, but we will be able to make what we do so the others can learn efficiently from us. Making learning an enjoyable experience is for me the best way to learn efficiently because if we love what we do we get good results, and this is what is helping me a lot on my music producer career, even all the results that I got from my productions I still dont consider this as a job but just as my main passion and I keep learning day after day. Same thing on my studies, there are some topics that I enjoy and I can be successful on them, but once I dont love one topic, I know that I will have problems within it. The personal and career development skills are the ones I really enjoyed during this module. These skills are mainly keys for everyones life. To know our own strengths that we already have and we might build on, our weaknesses that we could reduce or otherwise work around, our opportunities that are related to our chances and that we can exploit better than the others, or even our threads that we need to be aware of them and to avoid them is a simple analysis that allows us to know who really we are and to avoid stress. I also learned how to manage my time and the basic ideas of control in this module, and all these skills have changed my personal and professional life and help me to gain more confidence on myself and to keep improving on my life in general. What should I develop again on my transferable skills? All the skills that I got from the Core Business Skills module are not skills related only to the business field, but to our life in general and help to improve the way we are living it. Bill Clinton, the forty second U.S President (1993-2001) said: Today, many companies are reporting that their number one constraint on growth is the inability to hire workers with the necessary skills. (2) From what Bill Clinton said, companies have a lack of workers with the necessary skills, and they do their best to overcome this problem, but people with the necessary skills are not enough to satisfy every companys need. To participate on the growth of our society, we should all have some basic skills which when we develop them, we get a higher level of confidence and abilities. Personally, even the improvement that I have done during this module, I still have to improve all the skills to get my personal objective. We know that the sky is the limit for what concerns learning the skills, and we can improve them more and more day after day. My skills on communication are not enough, because if I start communicating with professional people I could not be at the same level as them, but with the practice and time I can develop my skills and reach the level required by the professional world. Also, I still have many problems when it comes to the numeracy skills on business; the decision tree for example seems to me easy, I can get the tree, but not the calculation, I usually get lost on applying the relations and calculating numbers. The information skills, and the personal and career development skills, I think we can develop them more within the next modules and experiences. I got a lot of benefits from this module, it has changed my life, now I see things in a professional way and this is the best way to reach out the objectives that we set on our life. Now that I learned also these skills I set new goals to my life and I will try to achieve them all, or at least the majority. People with goals mostly succeed because they already know where they are going. I also believe in Willis Reeds quote that says: Go for the moon. If you dont get it, you will still be heading for a star.

Understanding Shakespeare :: essays research papers

Understanding Shakespeare: The Power of Footnotes and Paraphrase Objectives: The students will†¦ 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Compare Shakespeare’s language to a moderately familiar foreign language. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apply the techniques of reading a foreign language to reading Shakespeare. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Translate Shakespeare’s English into modern English by means of class discussion, teamwork and individual study. Methods:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The teacher begins by presenting an identifiable text to the students in a foreign language. The students are to identify this text through the use of prior knowledge and footnotes. The teacher then guides the students to summarize the text in modern English. The teacher connects this exercise to how students should approach Shakespeare’s language. The students then work on a worksheet with a partner where they apply foot notes and careful reading to decipher the Shakespearean Insults handout. The students share their work with the rest of the class. If not all of the quotes were covered during class, the students will translate the quotes at home as homework. Materials:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overhead projector  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Transparency sheet of foreign languages  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overhead pen (optional)  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copies of Shakespearean Insults handout Outline:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Translation of identifiable text  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 minutes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lecture comparing foreign text to Shakespeare  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 minutes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pair translation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 minutes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wrap up and summary of material  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 minutes Evaluation:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The teacher will evaluate the students’ comprehension of the lesson through the participation of the students in the class discussion, the quality of student responses to the paired translation exercise, and from the homework of the remaining passages to translate which were not discussed in class. Shakespearean Insults 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make thy sepulcher*,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And creep into it far before thy time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  * Sepulcher: tomb 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Polonius: I will most humbly take my leave of you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You cannot, sir, take from me anything that I will not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More willingly part withal. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What fool hath added water to the sea,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Or brought a faggot* to bright-burning Troy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  * Faggot: a bundle of sticks used for kindling 4.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you amend thy face, and I’ll amend my life. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thou wilt be as valiant as the wrathful dove,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Or most magnanimous mouse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  * Magnanimous: brave, courageous 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her beauty and her brains go not together. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whiles like a puff’d and reckless libertine*   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thyself the primrose path** of dalliance*** treads.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  * Libertine: an immoral person   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ** Primrose path: easy and care-free   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  *** Dalliance: to waste time, dawdle 8.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thou wast* not wont** to be so dull.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  * Wast: was or were   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ** Wont: habit, used to 9.

The Leeuwin Current

The Leeuwin Current is a warm ocean current that flows towards the south around the Western Australian coast and turns towards the east passing through Cape Leeuwin. It continues towards the Great Australian Bight influencing as far as Tasmania. It was discovered a hundred years ago when an investigation of the marine life of the Abrolhos Islands was conducted by William Saville-Kent. It was alleged that there was a warm current flowing towards the south off Western Australia instead of the anticipated cool current that was going towards the north in the bounds of southern Africa and South America. This supposition was based on his observations of warm waters and tropical marine flora and fauna around the Abrolhos Islands. It was only during the dawn of the satellite technology in 1970s that the existence of the southwards-flowing current was finally confirmed. It was then named the Leeuwin Current by George Cresswell and Terry Golding, with its name coming from a merchant ship called Leeuwin, which meant Lioness. The Leeuwin current’s strength varied all through out the year. Its current was strongest during autumn and winter, on the months of April to October, because the opposing winds are weakest. The weakest Leeuwin current’s strength, on the other hand, is weakest during November to March. It is during this season when there are strong winds blowing towards the north opposing the southwards flow of the current. The most productive fisheries are due to the Leeuwin current’s rush of cool waters rich with nutrients. Here are the contributions that the Leeuwin current brought to the marine life and the aquatic environment that it flows through. The existence of true corals at the Abrolhos Islands and the transport of tropical marine species at the west coast and onto the Great Australian Bight are due to this current. This is because the Leeuwin Current causes the continental shelf waters of Western Australia to be warmer in winter than the regions equivalent of that in southern Africa and Chile during summer. The Houtman Abrolhos Islands which is near the edge of the continental shift off of Geraldton, is the southernmost true building corals in the Indian Ocean partly due to the effect of the nutrient-rich tropical waters of the Leeuwin current. The Leeuwin current is seldom to flow around the east of Rottnest but it oftentimes pass by its western and southwestern areas thereby also influencing the flora and fauna there. The coastal waters are relatively nutrient-poor and the fisheries are correspondingly different due to the tropical Leeuwin Current, thus we can infer that the current has a very important impact on both the climate and the marine ecosystem of Western Australia. It is also accountable for the availability of tropical marine organisms at the west and south coasts, as much far south than it could be expected. As a sample, the Leeuwin current was a major contributor to the southern bluefin tuna, the western rock lobster and a number of Australia’s coastal commercial fisheries. As it was seen by collective investigative reports done by CSIRO and the Fisheries Western Australia that spanned for the past 30 years, it was confirmed that there was a link between ocean circulation and lobster recruitment. During late winter and early spring, the puerulus, or the small rock lobsters, are carried by ocean currents back to the continental shelf and inshore coastal regions. Studies had shown that the settlement of these small rock lobsters were closely related with the changes in the flow strength of the Leeuwin Current, which is also linked with the occurrences of El Nino – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and westerly winds. It was discovered that puerulus settlement was poor during the El Nino years, when the Leeuwin Current tends to be weak. Also, during the La Nina years, the Current tends to flow more strongly and the rock lobsters settlement was much greater as was measured by satellite sensors. The results simply showed that larger counter-clockwise eddies help larvae settle off the south western Australia, instead of being swept away towards the south. Other species that the WA Fisheries marine biologists were able to link to the strength of the Leeuwin current was that of the pilchards (sardines) on the south coast region near Albany. Also, according to data on fishery, it was seen that there is a negative relationship between the great quantities of the two-year fish with the strength of the Leeuwin Current, measured two years before the fishes’ spawning period. Another was also the whitebait. According to studies, it was concluded that the stronger the Leeuwin Current was, the greater the relative catch of whitebait will be in the next year. The presence of Australian salmon in South Australia was also related to the Leeuwin Current.It was expected that when the Leeuwin Current was flowing strongly and that warmer waters penetrate onto the continental shelf, it was also expected that the fish may simply migrate offshore into deeper cooler waters. References: Leeuwin Current. (n.d.) Retrieved August 14, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwin_Current. A. F. Pearce and B. F. Phillips. (1988). ENSO events, the Leeuwin Current, and larval recruitment of the western rock lobster. Retrieved August 14, 2007 from http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/13 Â  

Should the united states stop all new offshore drilling for oil Personal Statement

Should the united states stop all new offshore drilling for oil Personal Statement Should the united states stop all new offshore drilling for oil – Personal Statement Example Should the United s stop all new offshore drilling for oil? Oil is an essential commodity in the world and countries are always looking for new sites to drill oil. Some of these places are along the continental shelf, lakes, inshore waters and inland seas. The method used to drill oil in these places is known as offshore drilling (1). The United States has put in place plans to look for new offshore drilling sites. However, this has been the subject of debate in the world over. Offshore drilling has had fatal effects in the United States hence; I do not support the plan for new offshore drilling (1). The methane bubble that prompted the Deep Horizon blast is sufficient proof that new and advanced technology has not been effective in preventing fatal accidents in offshore drilling. Although BP has been working to manage the spill more than six billion gallons of oil leaked into the waters of gulf coast. Moreover, this blast led to the death of eleven employees and innocent sea animals (Nelson & Cain, 1). The environment was polluted and this affected even those that were not part of the drilling teams. For the environment, tourism and fishing sectors, this disaster cost the industries more than 12 billion USD (Nelson & Cain, 1). Life is precious and should be safeguarded at any cost. If the US implements the plan for new offshore drilling, more lives will be endangered and environmental effluence has effects not only to people and animals but also on climat e. Nelson and Cain further say that, oil companies have not yet succeeded in developing a way of cleaning up the mess caused by a spill (1). For example, BP has been using dispersants to control the spills caused in the gulf waters. Some of these chemicals have been banned in countries like the United Kingdom as they are dangerous to human health (1). This means that both the processes of drilling and managing accidents that happen in this sector are dangerous to life. United States should not endanger the lives of her citizens to such a large extent. Although the United States needs oil, opening new areas will not make an impression in long term use. In the wake of the recession, oil consumption in the US was 7.1 billion barrels a year (1). The country has a small fraction of the world’s crude oil reserves, and despite all its efforts to extract oil the annual domestic production had plunged to around two billion barrels from 3.5 billion barrels, over the last ten years (Nelson & Cain, 1). This means that US has to import oil since the consumption is more than the production. Thus, even with new offshore drilling the oil produced will not cater for the country’s demands. In conclusion, life is a treasure which is more important than a country’s ambition. As a result, I feel that there is no point of exposing US citizen to the dangers of offshore drilling, which will not add much worth to the country. Work cited Nelson, Hal & Cain, Nicholas. â€Å"Should the US cancel plans for offshore drilling?† Free Republic. 28 May 2010. Web. Accessed on 11th October, 2012.

Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Example

Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Example Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Essay Topic: Jaws The Boxer vs. The American Staffordshire Terrier Melanie Donaldson EN 1101 Mr. L December 21, 2010 The Boxer vs. The American Staffordshire Terrier What makes these two dogs so similar is that they are two of the top most popular pets in the United States. It been said, that dogs are mans best friend, and because of this, it makes them great companions. These two breeds, the Boxer and the American Staffordshire terrier fit very easily into a family life. When an owner tells his dog that he is a good boy, the dog happily wags its tail. Then, there are those times when an owner has to discipline his dog, the dog, then creeps away with that sad puppy dog look on its face. According to Jill Viers (2009), a dog will love you unconditionally; it will be there till the end. Doesnt it deserve the same when it is truly mans best friend† (para. 6) The Boxer, and the American Staffordshire terrier; both possess the intelligence, muscular strength, and guardian of all dogs; this is what makes both of these two breeds so desirable. For starts, the Boxer and the American Staffordshire terrier were first used for the sport of dog fighting, and bull baiting until it was banned in the early 1900s. According to Angela Harris (2009), â€Å"Bull-baiting is a very old form of entertainment. The blood sport goes as far back as the ancient cultures of the Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians. Bull baiting became very popular in medieval times. This produced a huge demand for dogs that were effective bull baiter â€Å"(para. 1) The Boxer was first breed in the early 19th century, they used them for dog fighting, bull baiting and to run down, hold, large game for their master. The Boxer received their name because of their ability to stand on their hind legs and bat at its opponent, appearing to box with its front paws, hence the name, Boxer. Then, later in Germany, the Boxer became the breed known for their intellect, alertness, and muscular strength. Germany later used them as guard and police dogs because of their alertness. After World War 1, the Boxer came to America, where their popularity grew in the states. Whereas, the American Staffordshire terrier has a similar background as the Boxer, hey also were fighters and bull baiting, until they bred it out of both breeds. According to the American kennel club (2010), Originally called the Bull-and-Terrier Dog, Half and Half or Pit Dog, it became known as the Staffordshire Bull Terrier in England. When accepted for AKC registration in 1936, the name changed to American Staffordshire Terrier to reflect the heavier American type and to distinguish them as separate breed. † (para. 1). The American Sta ffordshire served in World War l, and brought back over to the states. Nevertheless, both breeds are very protective of their family. Therefore, these two breeds are similar in their appearance, and general impression on how the hold themselves. The Boxer is a medium-sized dog, with a strong head and good short back with strong limbs. A Boxer should have a broad and blunt muzzle with a black nose. This gives them their unique look of alertness and character. His well-developed muscles are clean, hard, and appear smooth under this breed tight skin. His movement combines strength and agility with elegance and style. They have a chiseled head, which splits the Boxer unique head imparts. Then, you have those deep, dark brown eyes that offer an intelligent and alert expression. Similarly, the American Staffordshire terrier gives you an impression of great strength for it size, well-put together dog, and extremely strong for its size. Additionally, they have a broad head with a medium length muzzle, and their eyes are dark, round and set deep in their head, with very strong jaws. They should have a very broad and deep chest, with a muscular hindquarter, which makes them a very strong and protective breed of dog with great instincts. This makes them a great guardian, as they will let you know when to beware of strangers; they are a very devoted family dog. In addition, these two breeds also have similar temperance. The Boxer is a very playful, attentive, and a very must a family dog. The Boxer is also very gentle with children, but they do have a tendency for being stubborn, but they also have a sensitive side to them. The Boxer can be aggressive towards strange dogs, but usually they are good with other family pets. The playful spirit of this dog is seen by when it paws at food or at its water dishes when they are empty or even by its love of jumping. The Boxer needs a lot of human companionship, and an active family is best in keeping them out of trouble. Training early on his highly recommended with this breed. As for the American Staffordshire terrier goes, it is also playful, friendly and a great companion for the family. This breed is gentle and loving towards people, as they are good-natured in spirit. They are very protective of their family and their families’ property, but they are normally gentle with children. In addition, with any breeds, early socialization is very important to prevent possible dog aggression. However, a well-trained American Staffordshire terrier can make a wonderful addition to a family with a strong owner. More importantly, when it comes to their health, the Boxers are usually healthy, but because of their limited gene pool, boxers can be more prone to health problems than the American Staffordshire terrier. This is because the Boxers have a much narrower waist than the average dog, which makes them prone to digestive, pancreas, tumors and heart conditions. The Boxer does not do well in the heat or in the cold weather due to their short muzzle and coat. In addition, a Boxer lifespan is about eight to twelve years. Whereas, the American Staffordshire terrier lifespan is twelve to fourteen years and are a lot healthy then the Boxer. The American Staffordshire can be prone to heart murmurs, thyroid problems, skin allergies, tumors, and hip dysplasia. Otherwise, they are a healthy breed. However, as far as grooming and maintenance on these two breeds, it is easy as they both have the small kind of coat. A Boxer’s coat is short and shiny that lies very smooth and tight against their body. So does the American Staffordshire terrier; they also have the same kind of coat close to the skin with a glossy shine. Both breeds are to be an average shedding dog, and very clean. They should be brush on a regular basis, as this helps their coat keep their shine. The Boxer colors are either fawn and white or brindle. However, on the American Staffordshire terrier, they pretty much can be any color including being brindle, fawn and white. In summary, both breeds have their good and bad qualities. It all depends on the owner and the training the dog receives. The Boxer rates number five in popularity; considered one of the best guard dogs, as well as a good family pet. The Boxer also has another advantage over the American Staffordshire, and that it is excellent with all children. Finally, the Boxer also does well with other pets in the household. Not like the American Staffordshire terrier, where it needs raised with the family from puppyhood. References American kennel club-boxer. (2005, March 30). In akc. org. Retrieved December 17, 2010, from akc. org/breeds/boxer/ Bulldog-Boxer. (2010, June 29). In bulldog breeds. com. Retrieved December 18, 2010, from bulldogbreeds. com/boxer. html American kennel club-american staffordshire terrier. (n. d. ). In akc. org. Retrieved December 20, 2010, from akc. org/breeds/american_staffordshire_terrier/ Dog breeds american staffordshire terriers. (n. d. ). In five star dog. com. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from 5stardog. com/dog-breeds-american-staffordshire-terrier. asp

Philip Zambardo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philip Zambardo - Research Paper Example He has written many useful psychology books and text books for students. The Lucifer Effect and The Time Paradox are his famous books. He is currently heading a movement for everyday heroism and working as the director of The Heroic Imagination Project. In his book, The Lucifer Effect, Zimbardo explains how good people lead to engage in evil actions. He has formulated his theories after 30 years of research and his theories and arguments about how good people become bad people were hotly debated topics in America at present. There are many incidents in which people with good backgrounds turned to criminals. Zimbardo’s theories give us insights about the reasons for such transformations. He has conducted a prison study (Stanford prison study), in which he tried to study the behavior of innocent people when they face jail terms. This study has relevance now, especially because of the events such as the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuses in Iraq. I decided to research about Philip George Zimbardo mainly because of that. This paper analyses the life and contributions of Philip George Zimbardo. Philip George Zimbardo was born on March 23, 1933 in New York City in a family of Sicilian immigrants. He has completed his BA from Brooklyn College in 1954, with psychology, sociology, and anthropology as the major subjects. He has completed his M.S. degree in 1955 and achieved a PhD in psychology from Yale University in 1959. Initially he worked in various universities as a professor. New York University, Columbia University, Stanford University and Yale are some of the institutions in which he worked as a professor in psychology. While he was working in Stanford University, he has conducted prison study in 1971 which is famous as Stanford prison study now. He has selected some college students and assigned them roles of "prisoners" or "guards" in a mock prison located in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford. He was forced to stop his studies after six days ev en though he planned the study for two weeks because of the emotional problems faced by the students. Even though the student volunteers knew that they were being used in a study and all the actions performed in this study are only mock actions, it was difficult for them to keep their emotions intact because of the terrible settings created by Zimbardo. On arrival, the â€Å"prisoners† or the student volunteers were stripped, searched, shaved and deloused which caused a great deal of humiliation in the designed Stanford prison. Zimbardo succeeded in creating a real jail like environment and it was too difficult for the participants to adjust with it for longer period. â€Å"The test got so out of hand that it was broken off after only 6 days. Since then, Zimbardo has never spoken about the experiment, until the arrival of his book entitled ’The Lucifer Effect’† (Zimbardo breaks his silence). The â€Å"Lucifer Effect† describes the point in time whe n an ordinary, normal person first crosses the boundary between good and evil to engage in an evil action. It represents a transformation of human character that is significant in its consequences. Such transformations are more likely to occur in novel settings, in â€Å"total situations,† where social situational forces are sufficiently powerful to overwhelm, or set aside temporally, personal attributes of morality, compassion, or sense of justice and fair play

Food Customs in Saudi Arabia and Differences in the U.S Essay

Food Customs in Saudi Arabia and Differences in the U.S - Essay Example In lunchtime, they usually take a plate of rice with side dishes of vegetables and salads (Advameg 1). The most common beverage is light roasted Arabic Coffee without sugar. However, the coffee is usually spiced (Advameg 1). On the other hand, there are prohibited food items. They include pork, wine, and alcoholic beverages. The other unique thing is food during ceremonies. The arrival of guest is taken seriously with slaughter of sheep, goat, or camel. In other social events, mainly there is sacrificial slaughter of sheep (Advameg 1). In these events, meat is boiled in huge pots. Soup is given to guest while the rest is poured in large trays of rice on top (Advameg 1). The male members and guest surround the tray in which they eat using hands instead of spoons or forks. Women and girls usually eat separately. However, there is a difference in United States. The country heavily relies on processed food and fast foods (Advameg 1). The diet is rich in salt, fat, and refined carbohydrates. Others have begun to adopt organic foods (Advameg 1). In most of the ceremonies such as weddings, funerals large tired cakes are usually served. In the morning, they usually take coffee. In most social occasions, beer is common. In other social occasions such as sports, beer, hot dogs, popcorn, and candy are common (Advameg 1). Moreover, food is usually taken using spoons and forks with all family members

The Challenges Faced by Logistics Organisations in the UAE Dissertation

The Challenges Faced by Logistics Organisations in the UAE - Dissertation Example This research study aims to study and analyse the challenges faced by transport organizations in the UAE. The financial crisis created many economic problems for various business sectors in Dubai that includes the supply chain and logistic sector. Therefore this research will discuss the adverse effects of global financial crisis and its implications to transport industry in Dubai as a whole. On a positive a report by Business Monitor International (2011) cites Frost and Sullivan (2010) who consider UAE as a growth market for freight and logistics. Their study found that the Emirates’ logistics market is set to generate record revenues this year, and will continue to grow over the medium term as a result of its concerted effort to place itself at the centre of the global freight forwarding network. But there are challenges galore due to constant threats to supply chains in the region with the talk of war in the region as well as due to overcapacity and a drop in demand continu ally threatening to push down rates and impinge on profits. The UAE’s primary ports are forecast to grow over the medium term, though at a slower rate than before the economic crisis. The air and logistics sectors in the UAE are continuing to grow at a rapid pace, with more logistics companies relocating their hubs to the country, and national air carriers continuing to expand and post improved results. 1.1 Academic Relevance: It is important to study the topic due to its academic relevance. Supply chain and logistic are key industries in the UAE and act as the life blood of business in the UAE, with little manufacturing base. The major chunk of Dubai’s economy is based on logistic industry and problems arising in this industry may have serious implications on the business... UAE is collectively known worldwide as a regional hub that serves numerous multinational organizations by facilitating and providing much needed economic, social and technological infrastructure. Similarly, on the other hand, Dubai as a city is known globally as a financial hub of the Middle East. In the last two decades or so, Dubai has transformed itself significantly to construct state of the art infrastructure in almost every field and discipline. Under the leadership of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who is the current ruler of Dubai and also the Prime Minister of UAE, Dubai has focused on bringing reforms in education, health, hospitality, real estate, transport, logistics and in the overall economy. Unlike Abu Dhabi that is dependent on oil and gas resources for revenue generation, Dubai’s economy is based on different clusters which include trading, shipping, logistics, banking, real estate, construction and most importantly tourism. Since the research is based on highlighting issues related to supply chain; trading, shipping, transportation and logistics activities will be discussed primarily. Dubai which is the business hub of Middle East is strategically placed to serve China and other industrial nations with regards to importing goods. Dubai as a city is one of the biggest importers of Asian goods in Middle East and therefore is also classed as a re-exporting hub of Middle East and North Africa.

Favourite Hoiliday Essay Example for Free

Favourite Hoiliday Essay The word Diwali is an incorrect form of the word Dipawali, which means Rows Of Light. People will celebrate this festival during Karthik (October- November). All Indians will celebrate this festival but different religious people have various opinions about it. The Hindhus celebrates this festival as a gesture of their joy because when Sri Ramachandra return to Ayodhya after 14 years exile in the forest following his victory over evil demon Ravana in a war and signifies the victory of good over evil. This is a day for which every child waits through out the year. Though it’s a festival for all people it is very interesting to young people because they savor most on this day. On this occasion everyone will like to wear traditional dresses. On this day my house is completely decorated with flowers ,candle lights and elecronic bulbs so it looks like a heaven twinkling with sparkling lights. I initiate shopping around 1 month before the festival, because it is not only a festival for us it’s a day where all of our cousins compete to look pretty, so it resembles the fashion show. Everyone will peer like angels dropped from heaven, I think two eyes are not enough see the beauty of them. On this ceremony my mother will prepare delicious food, the menu itself is really mouth watering. My favourite dessert is double ka meeta it’s very rich and delicious. The ingrediants added in this are bread, milk, sugar, butter, almonds and cashews. One of the only thing I miss about Hyderabad apart from people is food especially this dessert nothing beats this taste. when I eat this dessert it definitely comes into my dream because its taste is that superb. The thing that which sounds very interesting and elite part of this festival is bursting of crackers. There are plenty kind of crackers, but I like rocket and Vishnu-bar most. I am really excited while bursting rocket because it directly goes upwards with vivid colors and zooyi sound. It’s really a beautiful scene when all the crackers bursted and emits bright colours with variety sounds. In the night time the whole city looks like a stars in the sky. All in all, I go to bed with all these memorable moments in my mind. It brings a wonderful feeling into the heart and souls of every man, woman and  child. Everyone must celebrate the festival and savor the fresh feeling in it. New clothes, dishes, sweets, fun and crackers all these are part of this festival.

Permeability of Beetroot Cell Membranes Essay -- Biology Science Exper

Permeability of Beetroot Cell Membranes An experiment to investigate how temperature affects the Permeability of beetroot cell membranes Interpretation of Results: 0Â °C 20Â °C 30Â °C 40Â °C 55Â °C 0.24 0.28 0.75 0.79 0.22 0.26 0.35 0.41 0.81 From 0Â °C to 30Â °C there is a gradual increase of absorbency which shows that as the temperature increases it is denaturing the cell wall and cell membrane and allowing the beetroot pigment to leek out into the distilled water. As soon as the sample of beetroot is placed into the distilled water diffusion occurs naturally, which is the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration (beetroot sample) to a region of low concentration (distilled water). From 40Â °C upwards there is a sudden increase of absorbency, this is because the optimum temperature of which enzymes and cells can work at is 37Â °C and as soon as you go above this temperature it will cause the enzymes and cells to denature and cease from working as effectively. Even if you then lower the temperature again the cell will not regain its original shape. Within the phospholipid bi-layer there are proteins, and these proteins are made up of polypeptide chains which are joined together by hydrogen, hydrophobic and peptide bonds. Once the temperature has increased above 40Â °C the molecules vibrate so energetically that these bonds break easily and therefore creating holes within the cell wall and phospholipid bi-layer, and al...

Research In Motion Essay

Research In Motion (RIM) is most famously knows for its smart phone device Blackberry. Blackberry, when first introduced in 1999, took the corporate market by storm because of its capability of storing and managing e-mails along with other professional tools. Later the introduction of Black Berry Messenger (BBM) was another successful addition and made it famous among the non-corporate user class all around the globe. From its inception to the introduction of Blackberry and until today, RIM has had various challenges in terms of safeguarding its intellectual property and took some steps to counteract those problems which I will be discussing in this paper. 1.What were some of the challenges that RIM faced to protect its intellectual property, and how did RIM handle those challenges? The first challenge for RIM was in 2001 when it claimed that its competitor Glenayre Electronics infringed on its patent and charged dilution, unfair competition, and false advertising (1). As a result RIM sued them over using its patented mailbox integration technique that was exclusive to its Blackberry smartphone device which was later settled in their favor (2). Another lawsuit filed by RIM was against Good Technology in 2002. RIM alleged that Good was infringing on four of its patents. The first is â€Å"for a method and apparatus to remotely control gateway functions in a wireless data communications network.† The second â€Å"relates to a method and system for loading an application program on a device.† The third â€Å"relates to a method and system for transmitting data files between computers in a wireless data communications environment.† And the fourth â€Å"relates to a mobile device that is optimized for use with thumbs† (3). Finally in 2004 Good Technology signed a settlement with RIM under which it will give RIM a lump-sum payment during its current quarter and ongoing quarterly royalties. Further financial details of the agreement were not disclosed (4). Later in 2006, RIM was sued by mobile e-mail provider Visto Corporation that RIM violated four of its patents. The patents in question relate to the accessing and synchronizing of information over a network and are fundamental to the BlackBerry service (5). After a long battle of three years, in 2009 RIM agreed to pay $267.5 million to settle this dispute adding to a costly series of intellectual-property purchases (6). The company spent more than $1 billion in the past two years on intangible assets, such as patents. It booked part of the cost of the Visto settlement, which gave them a lifetime license to some Visto patents and legal possession of others, as an acquisition of intangible assets (6). Another big event was the RIM-Motorolla lawsuits in 2008 when Motorolla filed a lawsuit against RIM for using its patented technology but in reply RIM sued back Motorolla. RIM filed the lawsuit for â€Å"demanding exorbitant royalties† on patents that were essential to RIM’s business. Besides being accused of â€Å"anti-competitive conduct,† Motorola was also accused of violating nine different patents and for breaking a 2003 agreement by refusing to agree to new terms beyond January 2008. Adding injury to lawsuit, RIM also claimed that Motorola’s licensing fees were due to â€Å"declining fortunes of its handset business† (7). This long battle came to an end when both companies settled out of court. Under the Agreement, Motorola and RIM will benefit from a long-term, intellectual property cross-licensing arrangement involving the parties receiving cross-licenses of various patent rights, including patent rights relating to certain industry standards and certain technologies, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 802.11 and wireless email. In addition, the parties will transfer certain patents to each other (8). 2.What were some of the industry factors that influenced RIM? Industry factors that influenced RIM are Competition, Scale and Future (9). Patents, copyrights and trademarks help a firm safeguard its intellectual assets giving it an edge in the market and enabling to stay competitive in the market. From the lawsuits discussed above, we can see that just in 10 years on inception, RIM had over seven patent related issues for its technology. In technological field, a patent enables a firm to bank on its technology by not allowing other firms to use and produce it. So it enables the firm with the patent to have exclusive right to that technology and have a competitive advantage. When a firm’s technology is successful, patent enables that firm to exploit from it and hence expand their firms scale by securing a larger consumer base leading to a better bright future for the firm. 3.Apply as many TCOs as you can to the RIM. There are quite a few TCOs that can be applied to RIM. Competence Enhancing and Component Innovation applies very well to RIM. Looking at the introduction of Blackberry in 1999, after 14 years we still find them have a strong demand among the smartphone consumer base. So RIM has constantly been improving its blackberry phones keeping them up to date by providing new features that keep the consumer base attracted. Similarly if we look at introduction of features like e-mail service and BBM for blackberry, they are following the component innovation ideology discussed in the course. On the other hand, RIM also follows the concept Network Externalities. BBM can be a good example to support this. Anyone with a blackberry anywhere in the world can send a free message to the other blackberry user using the blackberry network. BBM is actually one of the features’ that has protected Blackberry against I-phone. Tying to BBM, RIM also follows the policy of Trade Secret because no one other than the corporation itself has access to the BBM data. RIM has gone to an extent that recently in India, even the government was not allowed to access the BBM data and after a 19 month service ban the government, RIM finally allowed them to have access but through a different server (10).

Australian English

1. Australian English (AusE, AuE, AusEng, en-AU) is the name given to the group of dialects spoken in Australia that form a major variety of the English language. Australian English began to diverge from  British English soon after the foundation of the  Colony of  New South Wales in  1788. The history of Australian English starts with kangaroo (1770) and Captain James Cook’s glossary of local words used in negotiations with the Endeavour River tribes. The language was pidgin. 2. Varieties of Australian English. Most linguists consider there to be three main varieties of Australian English.These are ? Broad; ? General; ? Cultivated Australian English. General Australian English is the  stereotypical variety of Australian English. It is the variety of English used by the majority of Australians and it dominates the accents found in contemporary Australian-made films and television programs. Examples include actors  Russell Crowe, Hugh Jackman,  Nicole Kidman. 3. Broad Australian English is the  archetypal and most recognizable variety. It is familiar to English speakers around the world because of its use in identifying Australian characters in non-Australian  films  and  television  programs.Examples include television personalities  Steve Irwin and  Dame Edna Everage, Pauline Hanson. 3. Cultivated Australian English has many similarities to  British  Received Pronunciation, and is often mistaken for it. Cultivated Australian English is now spoken by less than 10% of the population. Examples include actors  Judy Davis, Robert Hughes,  Geoffrey Rush. 4. The aboriginal vocabulary, which is one of the trademarks of Australian English, included billabong (a waterhole), jumbuck (a sheep), corroboree (an assembly), boomerang (a curved throwing stick), and budgerigar (from budgeree, â€Å"good† and gar, â€Å"parrot†). . The number of Aboriginal words in Australian English is quite small and is confined to the namings of plants (like bindieye and calombo), trees (like boree, banksia, quandong and mallee), birds (like currawong, galah and kookaburra), animals (like wallaby and wombat) and fish (like barramindi). 6. As in North America, when it comes to place-names the Aboriginal influence was much greater: with a vast continent to name, about a third of all Australian place-names are Aboriginal. The Aborigines also adopted words from maritime pidgin English, words like piccaninny and bilong (belong).They used familiar pidgin English variants like talcum and catchum. The most famous example is gammon, an eighteenth-century Cockney word meaning â€Å"a lie†. 7. Non-aboriginal Vocabulary. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Australian population were either convicts, ex-convicts or of convict descent. The convict argot was called â€Å"flash† language, and James Hardy Vaux published a collection of it in 1812, the New and Comprehensive Vocabulary of the F lash Language. Most of the words and phrases Vaux listed remained confined to convict circles and have not passed in the main stream of Australian English.There are a few exceptions, of which the best known is swag meaning â€Å"a bundle of personal belongings† in standard Australian. Swagman, billy, jumbuck, tucker-bag and coolibah tree are early Australianisms. 8. The roots of Australian English lie in the South and East of England, London, Scotland and Ireland. To take just a few examples, words like corker, dust-up, purler and tootsy all came to Australia from Ireland; billy comes from the Scottish bally, meaning â€Å"a milk pail†. A typical Australianism like fossick, meaning â€Å"to search unsystematically†, is a Cornish word.Cobber came from the Suffolk verb to cob, â€Å"to take a liking to someone†. Tucker is widely used for â€Å"food†. Clobber has Romany roots and is originally recorded in Kent as clubbered up, meaning â€Å"dressed u p†. 9. Some elements of Aboriginal languages, as has already been mentioned, have been incorporated into Australian English, mainly as names for the indigenous flora and fauna (e. g. dingo, kangaroo), as well as extensive borrowings for place names. Beyond that, very few terms have been adopted into the wider language.A notable exception is Cooee (a musical call which travels long distances in the bush and is used to say â€Å"is there anyone there? †). Although often thought of as an Aboriginal word, didgeridoo/didjeridu (a well-known wooden musical instrument) is actually an onomatopoeic term coined by an English settler. 10. Australian English has a unique set of diminutives formed by adding -o or -ie (-y) to the ends of (often abbreviated) words. There does not appear to be any particular pattern to which of these suffixes is used.Examples with the -o ending include abo (aborigine – very offensive), aggro (aggressive), ambo (ambulance office), arvo (afternoo n), avo (avocado), bizzo (business), bottleo (bottle shop/liquor store), compo (compensation), dero (homeless person), devo (deviant/pervert), doco (documentary), evo (evening), fisho (fishmonger), fruito (fruiterer) 11. arbo (garbage collector) vejjo (vegetarian) gyno (gynaecologist), journo (journalist), kero (kerosene), metho (methylated spirits), milko (milkman), Nasho (National Service –military service), reffo (refugee), rego (vehicle registration), Salvo (member of the Salvation Army), servo (service station/gas station), smoko (smoke or coffee/tea break), thingo (thing, whadjamacallit), 2. Examples of the -ie (-y) ending include aggie (student of agricultural science) Aussie (Australian) barbie (barbeque), beautie (beautiful) bikkie (biscuit), bitie (biting insect), blowie (blowfly), bookie (bookmaker), brekkie (breakfast), brickie (bricklayer), Bushie (someone who lives in the bush), chewie (chewing gum), chokkie (chocolate), Chrissie (Christmas), exy (expensive) 13 . reenie (environmentalist), kindie (kindergarten), lippy (lipstick), vedgie (vegetable) mozzie (mosquito), oldies (parents), possie (position), postie (postman), prezzie (present), rellie (sometimes relo – relative), sickie (day off sick from work), sunnies (sunglasses), surfy (surfing fanatic), swaggie (swagman), trackies (track suit), truckie (truck driver), 14. Occasionally, a -za diminutive is used, usually for personal names. Barry becomes Bazza, Karen becomes Kazza and Sharon becomes Shazza. There are also a lot of abbreviations in Australian English without any suffixes. Examples of these are the words beaut (great, beautiful), deli (delicatessen), hoon (hooligan), nana (banana), roo (kangaroo), uni (university) ute (utility truck or vehicle) 15. American Influence.In the middle of the century, the hectic years of the gold rush in Australia drew prospectors from California to the hills of New South Wales, bringing with them a slew of Americanisms to add to the Aust ralian lexicon. The invasion of American vogue words marked the beginning of tension in Australia between the use of British English and American English. 16. Should an Australian say biscuit or cookie, nappy or diaper, lorry or truck? The answer seems to be that Australian English, like its British ancestor (and like Canadian English), borrows freely according to preference, but on the other hand the British influence is much greater in Australia than in Canada. So Australians get water from a tap not a faucet, but tend to ride in elevators as well as lifts. 17. Their cars run on petrol not gas, but they drive on freeways not motorways.American influence is evident in such words as caucus (in politics), sedan (BrE saloon), station wagon (BrE estate car), truck (BrE lorry), high school (BrE secondary school). On the other hand British English influence is evident in class (AmE grade), cinema (AmE movies), boot (AmE trunk). With foodstuffs Australian English tends to be more closely related again to the British vocabulary, e. g. biscuit for the American cookie. 18. However, in a few cases such as zucchini, snow pea and eggplant Australian English uses the same terms as the Americans, whereas the British use the equivalent French terms courgette, mange-tout and do not care whether eggplant or aubergine is used.This is possibly due to a fashion that emerged in mid-nineteenth century Britain of adopting French nouns for foodstuffs, and hence the usage changed in Britain while the original terms were preserved in the (ex-)colonies. (For some uncertain reason, Australia uses the botanical name capsicum for what both the British and the Americans would call (red or green) pepper. ) Finally, the oddest of all borrowings from America is kangaroo court. 19. Australian English Worldwide. In the 1980s Australian English has hit the international headlines. Films like Gallipoli and My Brilliant Career have won critical acclaim and found large audiences in the United Kingd om and the United States. The â€Å"New Australians† (Turks, Yugoslavs, Sri Lankans and Italians) influenced on the language (pizza, kebab).There is not and cannot be any doubt that there is a great respect for Australian English in the English-speaking world. 20. [pic] 21. Australian Vocabulary These are the best-known Australianisms in the English-speaking world. [pic] 22. [pic] 23. Australia, Great Britain, and America all speak the same language, but you simply have to visit each country to realize that, while they all speak English, it is far from a universal language. The English spoken in Great Britain, America, and Australia has many similarities, but a surprising number of differences as well. The main reason for this is the vast distance between each country.Here are some of the common differences you will find between these three versions of English. Pronunciation between the three types of English is very dissimilar. †¢ In American English the â€Å"r† at the end of the word almost always affects its pronunciation, whereas in Australian and British English the â€Å"r† is often silent. 24. Also, the emphasis placed on the syllables of the word varies from British, Australian, and American English. In Britain, the world adult has the emphasis on the first syllable, whereas in America it is placed on the second half of the word. Australian English is unique in the fact that many words have sounds that are eliminated. †¢ Instead of saying good day, the Australian speaker says g'day.The main pronunciation difference between the three, however, is the pronunciation of the vowel sounds. 25. Differences in Spelling Not only do the three types of English sound different, but they are also spelled differently. In some ways, the spelling reflects the difference in pronunciation. o For instance, Americans use the world airplane to refer to a flying mode of transportation. o In Great Britain, the word is aeroplane, and it is pr onounced with an audible â€Å"o† sound. o Another common difference in spelling is aluminium, which is the UK spelling, and aluminum, the US spelling. Again, the difference shows the difference in pronunciation of the two words.In this instance the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling. 26. Another common spelling difference between UK English and American English is the use of -our verses -or at the end of the word. ? For instance, in the UK, colour, flavour, honour, and similar words all end in -our, whereas in America they are spelled with the -or ending (color, flavor, honor). In Australia, the -our spelling is almost universal. 27. Similarly, the endings -re and -re are different between the different English dialects. In America you will go to the theater or fitness center, whereas in Britain you will visit the theatre or fitness centre. Again, Australian English follows the British pattern. 28.There are other common spelling differences as well. For insta nce, in American English, words that sound as though they end with an -ize will always end in an -ize. However, in UK English, they typically end in ise (i. e. realize, realise). Also, British English often doubles consonants when adding a suffix when American English does not, such as in the world traveller. 29. Interestingly, the three languages also have distinct vocabularies. For instance, the â€Å"hood† of a car is called the â€Å"bonnet† in Australia and Britain. Australia has several terms that are not used in either of the other countries, such as â€Å"bloke† (man) and â€Å"arvo† (afternoon).Also, Australians use some phrases that are combinations of British and American terms, such as â€Å"rubbish truck. † Rubbish is commonly used in the UK, and truck is commonly used in America. 30. Grammar As with American English, but unlike British English, collective nouns are almost always singular in construction, i. e. the government was unab le to decide as opposed to the government were unable to decide. Shan't and the use of should as in I should be happy if†¦ , common in British English, are almost never encountered in Australian English. 31. While prepositions before days may be omitted in American English, i. e. She resigned Thursday, they must be retained in Australian English: She resigned on Thursday. Ranges of dates use to, i. e.Monday to Friday, as with British English, rather than Monday through Friday in American English. 32. River follows the name of the river in question as in North America, i. e. Brisbane River, rather than the British convention of coming before the name, e. g. River Thames. When saying or writing out numbers, and is inserted before the tens and units, i. e. one hundred and sixty-two, as with British practice. However Australians, like Americans, are more likely to pronounce numbers such as 1200 as twelve hundred, rather than one thousand two hundred. As with American English, on th e weekend and studied medicine are used rather than the British at the weekend and read medicine. [pic] [pic]