Why The Maya Disappeared When They Did - 2124 Words

Known for its complex writing system, the Maya had existed from the Neolithic Era to the Classical Period. Composed of city states that ran through Central and South America, even after its collapse parts of it culture continues on today. Descendants of the Maya speak some of the original languages, and continue to live in Mexico and Belize; yet none of them live in the ruins of its previous society. Its original civilization was abandoned around early 900 CE, and what caused them to abandon their empire has been a mystery for a long time. As more clues are found possible causes start to be seen. As of today, there are many theories from scientists and historians on what could have caused the fall of the Maya at 900 CE, and that some of†¦show more content†¦This comes from what is thought to be a climate change that started around 660 CE, where rain began to happen less and less frequently, and the region started to get drier and drier. People still aren’t sure whet her or not the climate change was natural or mainly caused by the people, though it’s mostly like a mixture of both, since it was so rapid. The fact that droughts got worse fits in as a factor to the abandonment of its cities due to the fact that it made more problems for the people, like getting food. The fact that droughts were happening more often meant it was harder for the Maya to farm. It’s not known for sure what Mayans did for crops, since there are no noticeable artifacts left to show it, but corn made up 70% of their diet and the low amount of animal bones found in archaeological sites show that that there wasn’t a lot of animals being eaten, either due to lack or because they were only meant for certain people, like the priests and kings. What does this mean for the people? If they weren’t eating a lot of meat, then they were relying on crops, and if there were droughts going on each year more and more, it’d be harder to get enough crops for everyone in the civilization. From 800 to 1000 CE, there just wasn’t enough water to keep a steadily farm, which

Three Disciplines - 1097 Words

The Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting career opportunities and more systemized in comparison to anthropology and sociology. My character is very self-assured and I am not convinced easily, so with all my stubbornness, I cannot be†¦show more content†¦Sociology courses once again pertain to groups of people rather than the individuals in them, with courses like Women and Work, and Race Class Gender, which are pretty self explanatory (University of Toronto, 2012). As a pe rson of specificity and depth, I wish to study individuals rather than crowds. As I already mentioned, I am a person of depth, and psychology is deep because it is broken up into so many sub-fields or â€Å"Schools of Thought† as our course book labels them. Anthropology only has four sub-fields, and sociology is broken up into several issues to study rather than sub-fields. Psychology consists of biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative, developmental, education and school, evolutionary, industrial, personality, social, and positive (Wikipedia, 2012). In our course so far we have not even covered half of those sub-fields. Anthropology consists of cultural anthropology, archeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology (Wikipedia, 2012). Our course has covered three out of those four sub-fields already. Traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, andShow MoreRela tedThree Characteristics Of Positive Discipline1339 Words   |  6 PagesPositive discipline is considered an alternative to punishment by attempting to reason with an employee instead of compelling their behavior by force (Sherman Lucia, 1992). In a system using positive discipline, management must articulate the standards with which employees are to conduct themselves, and it is up to the employees to live up to these standards (Sherman Lucia, 1992). Three characteristics of positive discipline is a significant emphasis on recognition and coaching, use of verbalRead MoreThree Categories of Discipline Essays1023 Words   |  5 PagesDiscipline is an essential component of every child’s developmental process. From birth, the primary deficiency of children is their lack of knowledge and understanding of the world. Contrary to the negative connotation of the word’s modern usage, â€Å"discipline† actually has origin in Latin meaning â€Å"to teach.† Therefore, discipline is simply the teaching of information that is necessary for children to be successful in their respective environments. In child development, discipline refers to theRead MoreThree Kinds Of Discipline By John Holt937 Words   |  4 PagesBeating Discipline According to the University of New Hampshire’s Murray Straus, approximately 90% of American parents agree with the practice and side effects of spanking. For years, child development experts have researched for the most effective ways for parents to discipline their children without some form of physical or psychological damage. Though currently there is no fine line parents can follow, John Holt’s informative piece â€Å"Three Kinds of Discipline† lays out how children learn and developRead MoreSummary And Interaction Of Celebration Of Discipline By Richard J. Foster1150 Words   |  5 PagesDaniel Farias Professor Wilson, Joy Thompson Spirit Empowered Living 9 September 16, 2015 Summary and Interaction of Celebration of Discipline by Richard J. Foster In the beginning of Celebration of Discipline, Richard J. Foster undergoes a thorough explanation of our ages’ most desperate need; deep people. He proclaims how our superficiality and lack of common sense regarding spiritual life has crippled us and left us living in the surface rather than depts. He mentions how weRead MoreThe Success Is The Accomplishment Of Ones Goals1499 Words   |  6 PagesChapters One through Nine in Jeff Olson’s The Slight Edge: Turning Simple Disciplines into Massive Success Happiness, I have come to the realization of why people who are capable of success, never see it. He explains that there are small things we can do daily that will lead us to a life of success. In Chapter One â€Å"The Beach Bum and The Millionaire† Olson calls these things, â€Å"simple daily disciplines† (10). For these past three weeks I have been religiously practicing Olson’s guidelines and my progressRead MoreAccountability Of The Army Is A Int egral Part Of Discipline905 Words   |  4 PagesAccountability in the army is another integral part of Discipline, Accountability as defined should be understood as responsibility plain and simple. When the army asks a soldier, what is your accountability? It is merely asking, who or what are you responsible for? It is the responsibility of the service member to have within himself the desire to care for anything or anyone that is around him or under his supervision. The great challenge that the army presents to all soldiers is for them to understandRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Education On Mainstream Education Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pageswere in favor of music education. Findings were that yes, music education does in fact have enough crossover benefit to include it into mainstream education. Music education may be time consuming and sometimes expensive, yet the benefits of self-discipline, deeper conceptual thinking, more developed brain function, and endless creativity of students makes it very worthwhile. Henry David Thoreau once stated, â€Å"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hearsRead MoreJames C. Jim. Collins1043 Words   |  5 Pagesin identifying this group of elite companies : Abbott, Fannie Mae, Kimberly- Clark, Nucor, Pitney Bowes, Wells Fargo, Circuit City, Gillette, Kroger, Phillip Morris and Walgreens â€Å"(Collins, 2001, p. 7). He found out they became great because of three main factors: disciplined people, disciplined thought, and disciplined action (Collins, 2001, p. 12). In their research, the leaders of these companies have a common characteristic which Collins called â€Å"Level 5 Leadership†. This type of leadershipRead MoreFoucault s Society Of Discipline958 Words   |  4 PagesWith reference to at least three of the four thinkers whose work we discussed in class, and in response to one of the following quotations, write an account of the Societies of Control: â€Å"Everywhere the hypothesis of the self is beginning to crack† Defined as â€Å"the entire person of an individual† (Merriam-Webster, 2017), it is interesting to consider the different ways ‘the self’ has been interpreted through different societies. In Foucault’s Societies of Discipline (S.O.D), a previous economy of powerRead MoreMotivation Of Professionalism And Success1188 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of ethics and what do they propose towards professionalism. My ethics allowed me to be a great example of student success because every day is one step closer to my educational goals. In order to reach my educational goals, I must follow three simple expectations; arrive on time to class and work to be prepared for assignments and tasks provided by the professor or supervisor. When I follow my ethics, it allows me to behave professionally and accomplish my responsibilities as they come and

Organizational Operation Environment and Society

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Operation Environment and Society. Answer: Introduction It has been found that every organizational operation has effect on the environment and the society and this can be of two types, i.e. direct and indirect effect. This report has been prepared based on the provided case study of British Petroleum Limited. On the basis of the case, BP Global has found to be accountable for causing direct harm to the ecosystem. There are three issues related to BP Global, these are influence of oil spill on aquatic ecosystem, lack of services regarding ecosystem along with biodiversity in controlling risk of the corporation. Lastly, lack of regulation structure of the corporation creates barrier in determination procedure of renovation cost (Deegan 2013). Thus, intention of this project is to review the damage done by BP Global to the ecosystem. Aim of the Report It has been noted that BP Global causes damage to the society, environment and the aquatic ecosystem directly and it is unable to detect its renovation cost. Thus, BP Global measures all the damages done by it in terms of worth of money. Oil spill is a non-marketed product, so key attention is provided for calculating its worth. Thus, the particular government of the nation considers the firm as liable to provide cleanup cost for causing oil spill (Avel 2014). However, it has been noted that BP Global did not picture the harms it caused to the ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of this report is to make the firm alert about its doing like oil spill that causes damage to the environment. Issues Determined and its Significance Influence of British Petroleums oil spill on aquatic ecosystem Lack of services regarding ecosystem along with biodiversity in controlling risk of the corporation Lack of regulation structure of the corporation creates barrier in determination procedure of renovation cost The detected problems can be studied and analyzed through collection of primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary data and perform qualitative analysis, researcher can arrange for either telephonic or face-to-face interview (Mitchell et al. 2015). On the other hand, for performing quantitative analysis, researcher can arrange for either online or offline questionnaire survey for better analysis. Secondary data will be gathered from company websites, journals, related books and articles. Restrictions and Suppositions For better analysis, the researcher has to gather data from the place where the oil spills take place, so the researcher will collect information from the residents of Gulf. Additionally, data will also be gathered from the employees of BP Global for collecting data that are more accuracy through questionnaire survey. However, due to the nature of the research topic, some of the participants might not agree to fill up the survey paper, thus, researcher might get face issue in the method of collecting data (Kheroubi et al. 2016). Moreover, some of the staffs might also hesitate to give the information. Influence of British Petroleums oil spill on aquatic ecosystem Dyckman and Zeff (2014) stated that oil spill is a pollution that is caused due to human activities and this might be of two types. These are named accidental and intentional based on its reason for causing. Accidental oil spill occurs due to various reasons and thus occur accidentally, but intentional oil spill takes place due to carelessness, negligence and ignorance of the people. According to Hiebl (2014), these both kinds of spills affect the aquatic ecosystem adversely and directly. It has been found that BP Global is liable for causing oil spills, thus it should recognize the cleanup cost, but it has been found that the firm does not wish to disclose the damages done by it. Opined to Roberts (2014), the damages that are occurred to the environment are difficult to calculate, as the cause of damage is oil spill. It has been found that BP Global measures the damages caused by it through the worth of money and time. Finally, it can be said that all these occur as no truthful appr aise have been detected yet for accessing the harm. Lack of services regarding ecosystem for controlling risk of the corporation In the ethical standard and moral of BP Global, the trust of the investors towards the company can be noticed. Therefore, it should take the responsibility regarding conservation of the social wealth as well as ecological wealth. Furthermore, BP Global should implement accounting standards regarding environment to make itself more reliable towards the stakeholders. As per Bedford (2014), the accounting standards of environment should be customized because it assists to impend the relation between corporate agent and the ecosystem as well as the environment. Every organizational operation has negative upshot on the ecosystem, therefore, each corporation should implement the accounting standards of environment for maintaining a healthy and balanced ecosystem. Lack of regulation structure for determination of renovation cost Gray, Adams and Owen (2014) stated that most of the petroleum companies crack the level of penalty as it damages the social as well as ecological wealth by the help of political bargaining. However, this process is not considered as a perfect method as it does not recover the damages done by the firm to the environment. A process-oriented framework helps to evaluate the associated risks, as it makes mandatory for the firm to take measures for the betterment of the environment. This helps to make plans and also to improve the barriers accurately. According to Henderson et al. (2015), the particular method helps in moving from regulators to the method. It has been found that the accidental oil spills mainly occur for breakdown in the dictatorial agency as it serves featured account in the environment. Additionally, the divulge data of an organization is an important factor that helps in judging the level of effort for the method of restoration of ecological assets. Thus, short of regul ation structure negatively impacts the corporation for determination of renovation cost and thus, it can be said that a process-oriented framework is required for implementation in the firm. In this research study, the researcher will incorporate both the types of methodologies i.e. primary and secondary processes. Therefore, the researcher will distribute the questionnaires online or offline for survey among the employees of BP global and occupants of Gulf. Moreover, secondary information will be gathered from the related books, journals, articles and the company websites. In order to keep this particular study simple and short, the research will gather primary data randomly from a fixed sample size of 150 occupants of Gulf Coast and 50 employees (BP Global). In this research, simple technique of sampling and random process of selecting fixed sample will be applied for keep the study simple. Thus, probability sampling technique will be incorporated here. Influence of British Petroleums oil spill on aquatic ecosystem As per the information provided by the BP Global employees, there are various kinds of oil spills. The various types of spills and the percentage of their occurrence have been provided below: Based on the pie chart, it can be said that all these spills adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem and this has also increased the mortality rate of the marine animals. Lack of services regarding ecosystem for controlling risk of the corporation There are various types of spills but it has been found that the accidental oil spills are more common in the oceans and all these occur due to short of using ecosystem services. It has been found that the ecosystem services help in controlling risk. Therefore, the firm should incorporate this service within its operations. According to the information provided by the occupants of Gulf, the oil spills mainly affect the deepwater suspension. However, there are also other affects to environment. These include: Lack of regulation structure for determination of renovation cost Based on the data collected from the employees of BP Global, the demand of oil increased constantly and thus its supply increased with time. In addition to this, with the increase in the supply and demand of oil, the numbers of contracts, staffs and workforce also increased (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). However, as with the increase in the oil demand, oil spills increased, the workforce of BP Global also reduced. The projected budget of Deepwater Horizon Oil can be better understood through the data collected from the staffs. On the basis of gathered primary and secondary data (accurate), this research will be performed. In addition to this, the participants can keep trust on the researcher, as he will not disclose any information to others. Thus, the respondents can keep trust on the researcher. Conclusion BP Global should become alert about its adverse effect on the environment and thus accurate measures it should take for running the business eco-friendly. The numbers of accidental oil spills that occur due to negligence and carelessness should be reduced. Finally, it can be said that the fines that are paid by BP Global is not sufficient for recovering the loss of environment. BP Global should adopt and incorporate accounting standards of environment. Moreover, the firm should be more thoughtful and should take remedial measures for protecting the biodiversity. References Avel, D., 2014. Positive accounting theory: theoretical and critical perspectives.International Journal of Critical Accounting,6(4), pp.396-415. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bedford, N.M., 2014. Reviewers Corner: The Foundations of Accounting Measurement.The Development of Accounting Theory, p.272. Bp.com. 2017.Bp.com. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.Accounting Horizons,28(3), pp.695-712. Gray, R., Adams, C. and Owen, D., 2014.Accountability, social responsibility and sustainability: Accounting for society and the environment. Pearson Higher Ed. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hiebl, M.R., 2014. Upper echelons theory in management accounting and control research.Journal of Management Control,24(3), pp.223-240. Kheroubi, B., Benzair, A., Tounsi, A. and Semmah, A., 2016. A new refined nonlocal beam theory accounting for effect of thickness stretching in nanoscale beams.ADVANCES IN NANO RESEARCH,4(4), pp.251-264. Mitchell, R.K., Van Buren, H.J., Greenwood, M. and Freeman, R.E., 2015. Stakeholder inclusion and accounting for stakeholders.Journal of Management Studies,52(7), pp.851-877. Roberts, J., 2014. Testing the limits of structuration theory in accounting research.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(2), pp.135-141.

Goal Concepts In Personality And Social -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Goal Concepts In Personality And Social Psychology? Answer: Introducation Organisational behaviour is believed to be the study of the behaviours of the human beings in organisational settings (Robbins, Judge Campbell, 2014). The individuals are studied and observed to understand the manner in which they can fit in the organisational profile. In this regard, it can be said that the personality of employees plays a major role in the effective work performance. The personality of an individual helps in determining the level of attitude they possess and the manner in which this trait can help an operations to succeed. The essay highlights the concept and the types of personality that exists among human beings. The application of these traits in the organisational setting and the effective results it has on an organisation is highlighted in the essay. According to Revelle (2017), personality is a set of habits, behaviours and emotions that an individual derives either from the birth or from the society. Debates about the adoption of personality trait are a mystery as scholars argue with the proper origin of the trait. It has been established that personality of an employee exists due to the motivational factors that are provided together with the psychological interactions that individuals have with the environment (Cleckley, 2016). Some of the greatest scholars have attempted to identify the factors and explain the tendency behind the differences in the behaviour of people. In this regard, several models have been developed to understand the personality traits and access its implications in the organisational context. The personality of individuals varies from people to people depending upon the manner in which people respond to situations. As per the continuing debate, the origin of the trait cannot be justified. However, the types can be identified distinctly and people tend to categorise an individual based on the types. According to Wood et al., (2016), sixteen personality types can be easily identified that provides organisations with an opportunity to segregate the workforce of an individual. These sixteen personality types are: One of the personality types that an individual may acquire is that of the inspector. In this case, an individual depends upon traditions and old school values rather than the modern way of doing work. These people tend to remain calm, quiet and upright about their personalities. In an organisational setting, these individuals contribute by working hard and following every rules and regulation. They honour the social and cultural responsibilities provided to them for the betterment of an organisation. Apart from this, there is also the counsellor that is more visionary and indulges in providing creative ideas. According to Beck, Davis and Freeman (2015), in the modern world, people possessing this type of personality are sought after due to the freshness of ideas that they provide to the organisation. The mastermind is another personality type that likes to work alone than in a group. The contribution made by these people is the fact that they question every action and proceed with caution before indulging in any activity. The giver tends to live in an imaginary world than the real world. They predict the future and make preparations based on the foreseeing of the future. The craftsman provides an organisation with spontaneous decisions marketing. Despite knowing them well, people cannot anticipate the reactions that might be provided by them (Cervone Pervin, 2015). On the other hand, the provider personality type tends to interact with people and make them popular among others. These people can help organisations to organise social events for the benefit of the company. The idealist personality type is people that prefer to keep their personal life a secret. They do not talk much and think about the situations that occur around them. These people can gain a proper insight into the working of an organisation and can contribute to finding the deeper meaning of life. Pervin (2015) stated that the performer personality type is the people that like to gain the spotlight. They can be considered as future leaders in an organisation as these people enjoy being the centre of attraction. The champion personality type suits people that are thoughtful and perceptive. They contribute to an organisation by creating new methods, habits and ideas. This can help organisations to come with new and innovative ideas for success. The doer personality type requires social interaction along with feelings and emotions. These people contribute to an organisation by implementing practical skills rather than theoretical knowledge. However, they tend to take on the activity without properly understanding the situations and more often than not end up solving the mistakes. On the other hand, the supervisor, are organised workers that dedicate their experience for the betterment of an organisation. They are more autocratic in nature and believe that the decisions taken by them are right in every way. The commander deals with situations logically and is considered to be natural leaders. According to Coccia (2014), these people can also be considered as leaders of an organisation in the future. The thinker personality type provides excellent analysis and logic to the works of an organisation. The follow the patterns and avoid practical activities. The nurturer provides an organisation with a sense of generosity. These types of people tend to be sensitive and encourage people to bring out the best in them. The visionary personality people can discuss facts and theories in details. They do not indulge in social life and provide a logical, rational and logical approach. The composer is more opposite to the visionaries as despite being introverts they like to connect with people. They believe in living in the present and being spontaneous. In the opinion of Robbins, Millett Waters-Marsh (2014) the most common personality model that is used effectively is the Big Five personality trait. It is also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM) in which relationships are developed between some of the types of personality. The factors that are used in order to analyse the personality of the individuals have been provided with an acronym called OCEAN that is related to the first letters of the factors. For example, the openness to experience can help an individual to be independent and imaginative. They pursue the self-actualization needs above everything else. The conscientiousness nature provides a tendency to be organised in the work. They can be stubborn and at the same time unreliable depending on the level of conscientiousness (Buss Plomin, 2014). The extraversion trait highlights the level of interaction and energy that a person possesses to be successful in the business. Agreeableness indicates the extent to which people are willing to accept the mistakes and agree with others by trusting them and being supportive of them. The neuroticism analyses the emotional stability of individuals. Based on the model and personality type, an example can be considered that highlights the success endured by an organisation due to the personality trait of an individual. The example of Steve Jobs can be considered as he showed great personality trait in setting up one of the most successful organisations in the modern day. According to Clark and Vanderbleek (2016) Robbins (2017), the relationship that exists among the factors of the Big Five model can be clearly seen in the personality of Steve Jobs. The fact that he was an appreciation of art contributed to the development of MAC computers that could communicate with people. At the same time, the tendency showed by him to remain organised helped in the growth of the organisation from a small garage behind a house. The stubbornness and the obsession showed by Jobs indicate the passion he had in seeing his work gain success. Apart from this Steve Jobs also sought attention and reflected on the limitations that he had for the initial failure of the designs. This indicates that he is an extrovert person with energy to grow continuously in the competitive world. The cooperative and the compassionate nature showed by Jobs was the factor that led to the growth of Apple and the fact that the organisation is currently run by over 123,000 employees. The emotional stability shown by Jobs is another reason for his success. Despite the initial failure, Steve Jobs did not show any vulnerability and continued with the expansion of the company. Thus, it can be concluded that personality plays an important role for employees to get their desired jobs. The manner in which, organisations delegate tasks to employees are depended on the psychology types of the individuals. The application of the Big Five model helps in understanding the connectivity that exists among the personality traits. The success story of Steve Jobs can be considered as inspiring as it highlights the achievement of a successful career due to the personality trait. Hence, organisations need to manage people based on their personality. One of the ways that can be used to access the personality of individuals is by conducting a personality test. To do so organisations can take up the Big Five model test and analyse the personalities of the individuals. Reference Beck, A. T., Davis, D. D., Freeman, A. (Eds.). (2015).Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. Guilford Publications. Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. (2014).Temperament (PLE: Emotion): Early developing personality traits(Vol. 3). Psychology Press. Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2015).Personality, binder ready version: theory and research. John Wiley Sons. Clark, L. A., Vanderbleek, E. (2016). Schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality.Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1-4. Cleckley, H. M. (2016).The Mask Of Sanity: An Attempt To Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality 3rd Edition. Pickle Partners Publishing. Coccia, M. (2014). Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under unstable growth of human resources.International Journal of Services Technology and Management,20(4-6), 251-266. Pervin, L. A. (Ed.). (2015).Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Psychology Press. Revelle, W. R. (2017). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research. Robbins, S. P. (2017).Organizational Behavior, 13/E. Pearson Education Robbins, S. P., Judge, T., Campbell, T. T. (2014).Organizational behaviour. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Robbins, S., Millett, B., Waters-Marsh, T. (2014). Organisational behaviour. Wood, J. M., Zeffane, R. M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., ... Osborn, R. N. (2016).Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd..